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Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia

 
Title: DESCRIPTION OF THE SPATIAL DEFORMATION PRECESS IN SELECTED CROCOW MOUNDS BASED ON THE SURVEYING DATA
 
Authors: Gawalkiewicz Rafal and Szafarczyk Anna
 
DOI: 10.13168/AGG.2016.0032
 
Journal: Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, Vol. 14, No. 1 (185), Prague 2017
 
Full Text: PDF file (5.1 MB)
 
Keywords: landslide surveying monitoring, integrated measurements, historic mounds inventory
 
Abstract: Historic Cracow mounds (prehistoric: the Krakus Mound and Wanda Mound and relatively new ones: the Kościuszko Mound and Piłsudski Mound) are among the biggest anthropogenic objects of this type in Poland. They are made of loess, which is the earthwork material of problematic quality and very susceptible to the atmospheric factors, i.e. precipitation (rain and snow) and wind, getting seriously damaged. Because of the damage, sometimes they have to become closed to visitors for some time. This mainly refers to relatively new mounds (Kościuszko and Piłsudski), which are often described as “made with heart” (which can mean enthusiasm, but also the lack of durability of the material). The applied so far ways of the stabilization of the slopes, despite huge costs and implementations of modern geotechnical solutions did not bring the expected results. Particular susceptibility of the mounds to natural factors demands particular analytical methods and preventive measures. Both deep seated methods and surveying methods allow geotechnical services to undertake specific actions to halt the deformations in zones particularly threatened by landslide. Surveying point monitoring based on classical measurement methods, i.e.: traverse sand precise levelling, sometimes supported by GNSS technology and the grid of control points located on the surface of Earth cones, facilitate defining the scale of changes in geometry, in time and the directions of these changes. Surveying observations have been carried out for several years in the framework of surveying monitoring. They confirm and make more precise the specific characteristics of these changes. Apart from subsidence of the surface and the phenomenon of twisting the solids determined based on horizontal dislocation vectors, the attempts to define the correlation of the values of these changes with the sum of atmospheric precipitation and the mean wind direction. In the article the authors presented similarities in the characteristics of these changes referring to the most important atmospheric factors such as precipitation and wind.